![]() A leader was under constant observancy by Heaven: "Heaven sees as my people see Heaven hears as my people hear" ( tian shi zi wo min shi, tian ting zi wo min ting 天視自我民視,天聽自我民聽 Shangshu, ch. He was allegedly given the Mandate because of his "rule of virtue" ( de zheng 德政) for which he was particularly rewarded by Heaven: "Great Heaven has no partial affections it helps only the virtuous" ( huang tian wu qin, wei de shi fu 皇天無親,惟德是輔 Shangshu, ch. The concept of the Mandate was created for King Wen 周文王, father of the founder of the Zhou dynasty, King Wu 周武王. Heaven did only play a minor role in Shang religion, and hints at the Mandate of Heaven in Shang chapters in the Classic Shangshu 尚書 "Book of Documents" might be Zhou-period reinterpretations. BCE) on, this personalized view of Heaven gradually shifted away to a more 'scientific' one, even if the concept of the Mandate was not given up until modern times. From the Spring and Autumn period 春秋 (770-5th cent. to overthrow the Shang dynasty 商 (17th-11th cent. In the early Zhou concept, Heaven was personalized as the utmost deity ( zhishang shen 至上神), who ordered the leader ("king") of the Zhou people to take over the rule of the "Chinese" world, i.e. In later ages, the term tianming or ming was used in the sense of fate, destiny, or predisposition. Confucian interpreters defined "power" as moral standards of benevolence, righteousness, trustworthiness, and similar virtues. ![]() It was invented by the Zhou dynasty 周 (11th cent.-221 BCE) and shifted the focus away from ancestry to rule by modes of behaviour or performance in leadership, in concrete terms, power ( de 德) enabling a leader to attract followers. D.The so-called "Mandate of Heaven" ( tianming 天命) was a metaphysical concept to legitimize rule. in Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China Title Affiliate Faculty (Professor – ENG/ECE). ![]() (5) Volumetric chemical microscopy: label-free, slide-free chemical histology ![]() (4) Transient absorption microscopy: spectroscopic imaging in the time domain (3) Vibration-based photoacoustic tomography: listening to chemical bond vibration (2) Mid-infrared photothermal microscopy: Breaking the diffraction limit by sensing the thermal effect (1) Multiplex stimulated Raman microscopy: spectral acquisition at microsecond scale Professor Cheng and his research team has been constantly at the most forefront of the rising field of molecular spectroscopic imaging in technology, science, and clinical translation. Wang, Michael Sturek, Robert Lucht, Ji-Xin Cheng*, Phys Rev Lett, 2011, 106: 238106.įor a full list of publications, please see the attached CV “Label-free bond-selective imaging by listening to vibrationally excited molecules”, Han-Wei Wang Ning Chai, Pu Wang, Song Hu, Wei Dou, David Umulis, Lihong V. “Vibrational spectroscopic imaging of living systems: Emerging platform for biology and medicine”, Ji-Xin Cheng*, Sunney Xie*, Science, Review, 2015, 350: aaa8870. Slipchenko, Gregory Eakins, Ji-Xin Cheng, Science Advances, 2016, 2: e1600521. “Depth-resolved mid-infrared photothermal imaging of living cells and organism with sub-micron spatial resolution”, Delong Zhang, Chen Li, Chi Zhang, Mikhail N. “Volumetric chemical imaging by stimulated Raman projection microscopy and tomography”, Xueli Chen, Chi Zhang, Peng Lin, Kai-Chih Huang, Jimin Liang, Jie Tian, Ji-Xin Cheng, Nature Communications, 2017, 8: 15117. “Lipid desaturation is a metabolic marker and therapeutic target of ovarian cancer stem cells”, Junjie Li, Salvatore Condello, Jessica Thomes-Pepin, Xiaoxiao Ma, Yu Xia, Thomas D Hurley, Daniela Matei*, Ji-Xin Cheng*, Cell Stem Cell, 2017, 20: 303-314. With integrated expertise in engineering, physics, chemistry, biology, medicine and entrepreneurship, our research team is devoted to: development of imaging tools, discovery of new biology, and delivery to clinic. We develop and apply molecular spectroscopic imaging technologies to enable discovery-driven research towards marker-based precise diagnosis and/or treatment of human diseases.
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